Suleiman Mousa ( ar, سليمان الموسى) (11 June 1919 – 9 June 2008) was a

Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...

ian author and historian born in Al-Rafeed, a small village north of the city of Irbid.Eighty: An Autobiography; Suleiman Mousa (lang-ar, ثمانون: رحلة الأيّام والأعوام) He wrote up to fifty books of which most prominent are ''Biography of

Sharif Hussein Bin Ali Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi ( ar, الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, al-Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī; 1 May 18544 June 1931) was an Arab leader from the Banu Hashim clan who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and, after procla ...

, Jordan in the 1948 War,

Great Arab Revolt The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On t ...

'', ''

History of Jordan The history of Jordan refers to the history of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the background period of the Emirate of Transjordan under British protectorate as well as the general history of the region of Transjordan. There is evidence of h ...

in the 20th century'', and was the first and only

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...

author to write about

Lawrence of Arabia Thomas Edward Lawrence (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935) was a British archaeologist, army officer, diplomat, and writer who became renowned for his role in the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign (1915–191 ...

and show the Arab perspective.Publications of the Ministry of Culture/ Wasfi Al-Tal St.; The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan His book '' T.E. Lawrence: An Arab View'' was published in 1966 and translated into English, French and Japanese. It was written after a study that had convinced him that although there were many books written to praise Lawrence and others written to discredit him, all of them exaggerated his part in the

Arab Revolt The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On ...

and failed to do justice to the Arabs themselves.T.E Lawrence: An Arab View; by Suleiman Mousa, Preface, Oxford University Press, London and New York, 1966

Life

Youth

Suleiman Mousa was born to a Christian family in the village of Al Rafeed, in 1919; the village overlooks the

Yarmouk River The Yarmuk River ( ar, نهر اليرموك, translit=Nahr al-Yarmūk, ; Greek: Ἱερομύκης, ; la, Hieromyces or ''Heromicas''; sometimes spelled Yarmouk), is the largest tributary of the Jordan River. It runs in Jordan, Syria and Israel ...

and is located 20 km north of Irbid. The early death of his father, an unwealthy man with a passion for reading and writing, came as a shock to him, his mother and sister while Mousa was just six years old. Leaving them little but a cane basket containing several books, his mother took up the task of securing the family's needs. They lived a simple and spontaneous life as part of the village that depended mainly on

agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...

for its survival.Steps on the Road; by Suleiman Mousa, خطوات على الطريق, سيرة قلم: تجربة كاتب , p. 13-21, After receiving his

elementary education Primary education or elementary education is typically the first stage of formal education, coming after preschool/kindergarten and before secondary school. Primary education takes place in ''primary schools'', ''elementary schools'', or fir ...

from religious scholars, Mousa moved to a small school known as ''Al Ta'ifa'' for three years. As were his mother's ambitions, he was then sent to a governmental school in Al Husn (الحصن), where he resided at his relatives' until May 1934, when he was unable to continue into

high school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...

due to the family's limited income. A few months later, at the age of sixteen, he took up the profession of teaching at the School of Irbid.

Employment

In 1936 he traveled to the city of

Haifa Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...

in Palestine where he first began working. After returning to Irbid and resuming his profession as a teacher for a brief period, he decided to make the journey to Jaffa (يافا) by train, which interconnected it with Damascus and was part of the Hejaz Railway built by the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

. This journey had a significant impact on his cultural life as it was then that he started borrowing and purchasing books and novels from neighbouring libraries and fulfilling his passion of reading. He gradually learnt English using dictionaries, and published many articles in

Palestinian Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...

newspapers as well as several

short stories A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a single effect or mood. The short story is one of the oldest t ...

in 1938. As time progressed, he found himself leaning closer towards books of literature and poetry and his fascination in history developed. He returned in 1939 to Al Rafeed where he continued working in the field of education before becoming an employee in the

Iraq Petroleum Company The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), formerly known as the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC), is an oil company that had a virtual monopoly on all oil exploration and production in Iraq between 1925 and 1961. It is jointly owned by some of the worl ...

Mafraq Mafraq ( ar, المفرق ''Al-Mafraq'', local dialects: ''Mafrag'' or ''Mafra''; ) is the capital city of Mafraq Governorate in Jordan, located 80 km to the north from the capital Amman in crossroad to Syria to the north and Iraq to the east ...

. In 1943 he fulfilled a substantial commitment and married ''Georgette Nuseir'' whom he had met on a visit to Nazareth. Mousa spent fifteen years in

and his publications were put close to a halt due to the inappropriate and illiterate environment he went through although he managed to publish a few short stories, articles and translations. A major transformation in his life occurred when Mousa moved to Amman, the Jordanian capital, and began working in the ''Jordanian Broadcasting Company'' in 1957, turning to the work of the publications service and the ''Ministry of Information and Culture'' until 1984. During that period, he was the editor of the Jordanian magazine ''‘Resalat Al Ordon’'' (1966 to 1967). Later on, Suleiman Mousa spent more than four years as a cultural adviser in the

Greater Amman Municipality Amman (; ar, عَمَّان, ' ; Ammonite: 𐤓𐤁𐤕 𐤏𐤌𐤍 ''Rabat ʻAmān'') is the capital and largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center. With a population of 4,061,150 as of 2021, Amman is ...

(GAM), from 1984 to 1988.Suleiman Mousa: Simplified Biography in English, by Yazan Suheil Mousa

Writer and historian

Mousa's first book ''Al Hussein Bin Ali and the Great Arab Revolt'' was published in 1957 where it was written when the author had been resident of Jaffa, Palestine in early 1939, when he was a mere nineteen years of age. The printing of this book occurred after nearly seventeen years of its writing. One of the most prominent works of Suleiman Mousa is '' T.E. Lawrence: An Arab View'', which has been translated into English, French and Japanese. This was a turning point for the author Mousa that has taken him to world fame. He showed the Arab's point of view about battles and events of The Great

, and also came in response to the British book written by Lawrence himself, who did not give the Arabs their right to the full extent. The author shows that Arabs fought in large numbers in the combat revolt against the Turkish rule for independence and freedom, and that they are the ones who fought and struggled, while Lawrence was merely an officer like any other in the

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

. While the author was resident of Jaffa in 1937, his activities were expanded to English as well as Arabic history books and he purchased several books in English of which most important were ''

The Seven Pillars of Wisdom ''Seven Pillars of Wisdom'' is the autobiographical account of the experiences of British Army Colonel T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), of serving as a military advisor to Bedouin forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire o ...

'' by Lawrence and ''

The Arab Awakening ''The Arab Awakening'' is a 1938 book by George Antonius, published in London by Hamish Hamilton. It is viewed as the foundational textbook of the history of modern Arab nationalism. According to Martin Kramer, ''The Arab Awakening'' "became the p ...

'', by

George Antonius George Habib Antonius, CBE (hon.) ( ar, جورج حبيب أنطونيوس; October 9, 1891May 21, 1942) was a Lebanese author and diplomat who settled in Jerusalem. He was one of the first historians of Arab nationalism. Born in Deir al Qamar ...

, which emerged in its first edition in 1938. Mousa wrote in regard to his interest in English:

''T.E. Lawrence: An Arab View''

Of the articles written by Suleiman Mousa in Jaffa that sparked widespread attention was an article published by the name "Lawrence on the balance" () in ''Al Adab'' () magazine (November 1955) which discussed the book written by

Richard Aldington Richard Aldington (8 July 1892 – 27 July 1962), born Edward Godfree Aldington, was an English writer and poet, and an early associate of the Imagist movement. He was married to the poet Hilda Doolittle (H. D.) from 1911 to 1938. His 50-year w ...

called ''Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Inquiry'', which had appeared in Britain earlier that year. The idea of writing a book discussing the matter in an integrated manner from an Arab's perspective was based on the success the eight-page article received. Five years later, the first Arabic edition of the book was published by the name ''T.E. Lawrence: An Arab View'' () followed by the translations into English in 1966, French in 1973 and Japanese in 1988. The book was translated into English by Dr. Albert Boutros, a professor of English at the

University of Jordan The University of Jordan ( ar, الجامعة الأردنية), often abbreviated UJ, is a public university located in Amman, Jordan. Founded in 1962 by royal decree, it is the largest and oldest institution of higher education in Jordan. ...

. Many Arab and

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

references were used for its writing. Mousa was visited by senior Western writers, including professors

Colin Wilson Colin Henry Wilson (26 June 1931 – 5 December 2013) was an English writer, philosopher and novelist. He also wrote widely on true crime, mysticism and the paranormal, eventually writing more than a hundred books. Wilson called his phil ...

and

Jeremy Wilson Jeremy Michael Wilson (1944 – 2 April 2017) was a British historian, biographer, writer, editor, and fine-press publisher. He was also a business copywriter and editor working for major corporations. Biography Wilson was born in Cambridge ...

. To this day, his book remains the only one that shows the Arab viewpoint. It has left a deep impact on all researchers interested in Lawrence. Hence, the book has won global reputation, and became a reference to researchers about the subject of Lawrence and the

. Being taught in Arab and foreign universities including the

University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...

in Britain is a sure sign of the success and attention this book has drawn. It was Professor Eugene Rogan from the University of Oxford who had remarked in a July 2000 speech:

Internationally and locally

Suleiman Mousa, in addition to being a recognized researcher who achieved a breakthrough intellectually and in the

Arab World The Arab world ( ar, اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, refers to a vast group of countries, mainly located in Western A ...

, was also a local ‘people's’ author. He wrote in four major themes: Biographies,

history of Jordan The history of Jordan refers to the history of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the background period of the Emirate of Transjordan under British protectorate as well as the general history of the region of Transjordan. There is evidence of h ...

, history of Arab revolution and writings in literature and short stories, in addition to the translations of Arabic and several simplified books written for young people. Mousa relied on many diverse Arab, British and foreign sources. Suleiman Mousa King Hussein

He went to the

Public Record Office The Public Record Office (abbreviated as PRO, pronounced as three letters and referred to as ''the'' PRO), Chancery Lane in the City of London, was the guardian of the national archives of the United Kingdom from 1838 until 2003, when it was ...

in the United Kingdom in 1974 and spent four months researching documents relating to Jordan. Therefore, his works are considered indispensable references for many students and researchers. Mousa won many awards in recognition of his contributions to Jordanian and Arab history including: ''The Order of Independence in 1971,

King Abdullah I AbdullahI bin Al-Hussein ( ar, عبد الله الأول بن الحسين, translit=Abd Allāh al-Awwal bin al-Husayn, 2 February 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the ruler of Jordan from 11 April 1921 until his assassination in 1951. He was the Emir ...

Award for research in Islamic civilization in 1988, the State Incentive prize in 1990, the Order of Al Hussein distinguished first class in 2007'' and ''Medal of the Arab Author'' after his death in 2008.

Death

Suleiman Mousa died on 9 June 2008, in Amman, Jordan two days prior of his eighty-ninth birthday. He died of

congestive heart failure Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome, a group of signs and symptoms caused by an impairment of the heart's blood pumping function. Symptoms typically include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, ...

. Cultural officials participated in the funeral and wake as well as representatives of his majesty King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan,_the_Ministry_of_Culture,_the_media_and_many_more_of_whom_have_praised_his_contributions_in_various_creative_fields.

_Posthumous_recognition

King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan,_the_Ministry_of_Culture,_the_media_and_many_more_of_whom_have_praised_his_contributions_in_various_creative_fields.

_Posthumous_recognition

Although_Suleiman_Mousa_received_numerous_awards_and_honors_during_his_lifetime,_many_projects_have_been_launched_posthumously_in_recognition_of_the_contributions_he_has_made_to_Jordanian,_Middle_Eastern_and_World_history._The_establishment_of_the_Suleiman_Mousa#Library_of_Suleiman_Mousa">Library_of_Suleiman_Mousa_at_the_(GAM),_and_the_republishing_of_his_complete_Suleiman_Mousa#Works.html" "title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II of Jordan, the Ministry of Culture, the media and many more of whom have praised his contributions in various creative fields.

Posthumous recognition

Although Suleiman Mousa received numerous awards and honors during his lifetime, many projects have been launched posthumously in recognition of the contributions he has made to Jordanian, Middle Eastern and World history. The establishment of the Suleiman Mousa#Library of Suleiman Mousa">Library of Suleiman Mousa at the (GAM), and the republishing of his complete Suleiman Mousa#Works">works Works may refer to: People * Caddy Works (1896–1982), American college sports coach * Samuel Works (c. 1781–1868), New York politician Albums * '' ''Works'' (Pink Floyd album)'', a Pink Floyd album from 1983 * ''Works'', a Gary Burton album ...

in several stages, with an ''"aim of introducing history to the new generation"'', are amongst the most prominent of these projects. Mousa was also awarded ''The Arab Author Medal'' in 2008 after his death.

Library of Suleiman Mousa

On 11 November 2009, a library dedicated for the

under the name of Suleiman Mousa, located at Al Hussein Cultural Center of the GAM, was inaugurated on behalf of the former Mayor of Amman, Omar Maani. The library is divided into several sections, one for the titles related to the history of Jordan in Arabic language, Arabic, English and French language, French. Another is allocated for books and personal possessions of Suleiman Mousa, as well as some documents he had been collecting during his work in writing, which his family donated to the library. At the inauguration, City Deputy Manager for Cultural, Social, and Sports Affairs, ''Haitham Jweinat'', referred to the uniqueness of the new library, and said that it will be open for all interested readers and researchers, noting that the GAM had taken the time to equip it with many facilities, including an internet

local area network A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger ...

(LAN) and the availability of international magazines and newspapers. The library regularly receives visitors from schools and universities to introduce them to Middle Eastern history through documentaries, photos and library resources. Several scientific seminars and conferences have already taken place at the library. Its goal is to become one of the important developmental and economical projects in Jordan, and the place to launch books related to Arab history and the history of Jordan.

Works

In Arabic

* ''History of Jordan in the twentieth century – Part I. '' * ''History of Jordan in the twentieth century - Part II.'' * ''Days Unforgotten: Jordan in the 1948 war.'' * ''The Arab Movement.'' * ''Historical Correspondence from 1914 to 1918.'' * ''Historical Correspondence - Volume II, 1919.'' * ''Historical Correspondence - the third volume from 1920 to 1923.'' * ''Characters of Jordan - Wasfi, Hazaa, Al-Nabulsi.'' * ''Characters of Jordan – Al-Rai Library, Abu Al-Huda and Mufti.'' * ''Western Views.'' * ''O Jerusalem.'' * ''T.E Lawrence: An Arab View - was translated and published in English 1966,

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...

ASIN Asin Thottumkal (born 26 October 1985), known mononymously as Asin, is a former Indian actress who appeared predominantly in Tamil, Hindi and Telugu films. She is a trained Bharatanatyam dancer. She has received three Filmfare Awards. She ...

B000OGOYN4), French 1973, Japanese 1989'' * ''The Great Arab Revolt - The war in

Hijaz The Hejaz (, also ; ar, ٱلْحِجَاز, al-Ḥijāz, lit=the Barrier, ) is a region in the west of Saudi Arabia. It includes the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif, and Baljurashi. It is also known as the "Western Provi ...

from 1916 to 1918. '' * ''Monuments of Jordan. '' * ''Faces and Features – Part I.'' * ''Faces and Features - Part II.'' * ''Westerners in Arab Countries.'' * ''Jordan and Palestine – Part I.'' * ''Jordan and Palestine - Part II.'' * ''Throughout Jordan.'' * ''The Great Arab Revolt - and the documents and arguments.'' * ''The Establishment of the Emirate of Jordan - 1921-1925, First Edition 1971.'' * ''Notes, Prince Zeid - the war in Jordan, the first edition 1976.'' * ''Images of the championship, the first edition 1968.'' * ''Folded pages.'' * ''Jordan contemporary political history of 1967-1995, the date of publication of the Commission of Jordan.'' * ''Studies in Jordan's modern history - Book of the month. '' * ''Al-Hussein Bin Ali and the Arab Revolt - a series of reading books, first edition 1957. '' * ''East of the Emirate of Jordan 1921-1946'' * ''The Other Side.'' * ''The Days Notes. '' * ''That Unknown Soldier.'' * ''The Perfect Wife. '' * ''Eighty: An Autobiography'' * ''Steps on the Road. '' * ''Jordan's capital Amman.'' * ''Of our modern history - a book in the history of Jordan '' ** ''Arab Revolt - the causes and the principles and objectives.'' ** ''East of Jordan - before the founding of the emirate. '' * ''Memories of the scenes.'' * ''Pages of Jordan's modern history.'' * ''For the Sake of Freedom.'' * ''Al-Hussein Bin Ali.'' * ''The Great Arab Revolt.''

In English

* ''Cameos: Jordan and Arab Nationalism '' * ''Land and People: Jordan, a Historical Sketch, 1921-1973''

Reviews of ''T.E. Lawrence: An Arab View''

:''"Although many admirers of T.E. will prefer Lawrence's version of his part in the Arab Revolt, Mr. Mousa's obvious concern to be fair-minded and the weight of the evidence he produces makes his book one that must be studied by all who are interested in 'Lawrence of Arabia'. "'' -

, 1966 :''"...and if only for this passionate and compassionate, rehearsal of the bitter betrayal of Arab hopes in the interests of European power politics, this book (T.E. Lawrence: An Arab View) is worth reading. For, after all, therein lies the root of distrust which has poised Arab relations with the west for the past five decades."'' -

Anthony Nutting Sir Harold Anthony Nutting, 3rd Baronet (11 January 1920 – 23 February 1999) was a British diplomat and Conservative Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament from 1945 and 1956. He was a Minister of State for Foreign Affairs fro ...

, '' Sunday Telegraph'' News; 10 July 1966 :''"...However "nationalist" Mr. Mousa may be, he has been painstakingly, tediously thorough in examining this material and in assembling such evidence of Arab opinion as he could obtain..."'' - The ''Standard Times'', 12 March 1967 :''"...The book needed writing and deserves reading...He writes honestly, stating his evidence fairly, and his book merits the serious consideration it asks,"'' - '' Birmingham Post'', 9 July 1966 :''"...is the first scholarly account to give the Arab view, and it is a highly persuasive and thoroughly researched examination of the Lawrence story...Mousa is an intelligent and passionate advocate of the Arab view..."'' - ''

Quarterly Review The ''Quarterly Review'' was a literary and political periodical founded in March 1809 by London publishing house John Murray. It ceased publication in 1967. It was referred to as ''The London Quarterly Review'', as reprinted by Leonard Scott, f ...

'', Summer 1967 :''"In T. E. Lawrence: An Arab View, Suleiman Mousa gathers a great variety of such details in an attempt to destroy the Lawrence myth. He is offended by Lawrence's egotism and has worked hard to restore the historical record to its proper proportions."''- ''

Michigan Quarterly Review The ''Michigan Quarterly Review'' is an American literary magazine founded in 1962 and published at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The quarterly (known as "MQR" for short) publishes art, essays, interviews, memoirs, fiction, poetry, and ...

'', Summer 1969 :''"Suleiman Mousa's work had a deep and lasting influence over T.E. Lawrence scholarship. It showed how different those events looked through Arab eyes, and taught us to question the assumption that things happened - only, or indeed at all - because Lawrence wanted them to happen.'' :''I believe that, in the long run, Western and Arab historians will reach a common view of the history of the Arab Revolt, based on all the evidence that has survived. By challenging the accepted Western view, Suleiman Mousa played an important part in that process. For that he deserves lasting recognition.".''- British historian,

Awards and honors

* ''Ali Bin Al-Hussein Medal - The Independence Medal, Second Class, 1971.'' * ''State Award for Literature, 1977.'' * ''An Honorary shield from the first conference of the History of Jordan - 1980.'' * ''Shield organized by the World Conference on the history of the King Abdul-Aziz - the

Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (), commonly known as Al-Imam University, is a public university in Baladiyah al-Shemal in northern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was founded in 1953. represented by the College of Sharia Sciences (no ...

, Al-Riyadh - 1985. '' * ''Abdullah Bin Al-Hussein Award for Research in Islamic civilization, 1988.'' * ''Honorary gift from the Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation and is a model of the Al-Aqsa mosque - in June 1989.'' * ''Honorary shield from the

in appreciation for the efforts of Suleiman Mousa in the history of Jordan - 1990.'' * ''Arab Author Medal - in June 1991.'' * ''The honorary shield Faha Sports Club of the Social and Cultural - September, 1993.'' * ''The honorary shield Qurtubi Secondary School for Boys - in November 1995.'' * ''The honorary shield from the Office of the people of the town of al-Rafid, Beni Kananeh - July 1996.'' * ''The honorary shield from the Royal Medical Services - December, 1996.'' * ''The honorary shield from the

Center for Strategic Studies Jordan Center or centre may refer to: Mathematics * Center (geometry), the middle of an object * Center (algebra), used in various contexts ** Center (group theory) ** Center (ring theory) * Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentric ...

, on the occasion of the participation of Suleiman Mousa at the Second International Conference of the social history of Jordan - Amman in July 2000 - and that in recognition of its great foundation for the writing of the history of Jordan.'' * ''Ali Bin Al-Hussein Medal - The Independence Medal of the First Order - in June 2002.'' * ''The honorary shield from the Jordanian Writers Association - January 2006.'' * ''Al-Hussein Medal for distinguished performance- May, 2007.'' * ''The Shield of the

.'' * ''The Shield of the Ministry of Culture.'' * ''The Shield of the Jordanian television channel.'' * ''Shield from the Board of Trustees of the Documentation Center of the Hashemite monarchy of Jordan in recognition of outstanding contribution.'' * ''Arab Author Medal - August, 2008.''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mousa, Suleiman Jordanian writers Jordanian Christians Jordanian historians Male biographers Autobiographers People from Irbid Governorate Historians of the Middle East Writers on the Middle East Grand Cordons of the Order of Independence (Jordan) 20th-century historians 1919 births 2008 deaths 20th-century male writers